Deuterium oxide Maʻemaʻe Kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka wai kaumaha (deuterium oxide) he ʻano wai nona nā ʻātoma hydrogen he deuterium (2H a i ʻole D, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he hydrogen kaumaha) ma mua o ka isotope hydrogen-1 maʻamau (1H, i kapa ʻia ʻo protium) i hana i ka hapa nui o ka hydrogen. i ka wai maʻamau.ʻO ka heleʻana o ka isotope kaumaha e hāʻawi i ka wai i nā waiwai nuklea likeʻole, aʻo ka piʻiʻana o ka nuipaʻa e hāʻawi iki i nā mea kino a me nā mea kemika ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka wai maʻamau.

ʻO Deuterium kahi isotope hydrogen kaumaha. Loaʻa i ka wai kaumaha nā ʻātoma deuterium a hoʻohana ʻia i nā reactor nuklea. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka wai Semiheavy (HDO) ma mua o ka wai kaumaha maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakai o ka wai kaumaha-oxygen akā ʻaʻohe waiwai kūʻokoʻa. He radioactive ka wai tritiated ma muli o ka ʻike tritium.

He ʻokoʻa nā waiwai kino o ka wai kaumaha mai ka wai maʻamau, e like me ka 10.6% ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka heheʻe. ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai kaumaha ma kahi mahana i hāʻawi ʻia, a ʻaʻohe ona polū iki o ka wai maʻamau. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ʻono koʻikoʻi, hiki ke ʻono iki i ka ʻono. Hoʻopilikia ka wai kaumaha i nā ʻōnaehana olaola ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā enzymes, nā paʻa hydrogen, a me ka māhele cell i nā eukaryotes. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomake i nā mea ola multicellular i ka ʻike ʻana ma luna o 50%. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau prokaryotes e like me ka bacteria ke ola i loko o kahi kaona hydrogen kaumaha. Hiki i ka wai kaumaha ke ʻona i ke kanaka, akā nui ka nui e pono ai no ka hiki ʻana mai o ka make.