High Purity Liquid Helium
product description
Atomic and Molecular Properties | |
Chemical Symbol |
He |
Atomic Number |
2 |
Atomic Mass |
4.0026 u (unified atomic mass units) |
Phase |
Liquid (at temperatures below 4.22 K and pressures above 0.13 atm) |
Physical Properties | |
Density (Liquid) |
Approximately 0.125 g/cm³ at its boiling point |
Density (Gas) |
0.1785 g/L at 0°C and 1 atm (for reference) |
Melting Point |
2.17 K (-270.96°C or -454.33°F) |
Boiling Point |
4.22 K (-268.93°C or -447.08°F) at 1 atm pressure |
Heat Capacity |
Liquid helium has a relatively low heat capacity, which decreases as the temperature approaches absolute zero. |
Viscosity |
The viscosity of liquid helium is extremely low, lower than that of most other liquids. |
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity: Liquid helium exhibits very high thermal conductivity, making it an excellent coolant. This property is particularly useful in applications such as cooling superconducting devices.
Laminar Flow: Due to its extremely low viscosity and high thermal conductivity, liquid helium can flow in a laminar manner even at very high velocities, a phenomenon known as "He II" or "superfluid" behavior.
Optical Properties
Refractive Index: Liquid helium, like other noble gases, has a low refractive index. However, its optical properties are less commonly discussed compared to its thermal and cryogenic properties.
Safety and Reactivity
Non-Toxic and Inert: Liquid helium is non-toxic and inert, and it does not react with other substances under normal conditions.
Asphyxiation Hazard: Due to its low density, liquid helium can displace oxygen in the air, creating a risk of asphyxiation in enclosed spaces.
Cryogenic Burns: Contact with liquid helium can cause severe cryogenic burns due to its extremely low temperature.
Product |
Grade |
Package |
Liquid Helium 5N |
99.999 % |
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Uses of Liquid Helium
The unique physical properties of liquid helium are utilized in several specialized applications:
Cryogenics: Liquid helium is used as a refrigerant in cryogenic systems, such as those used in superconducting magnets for MRI machines and particle accelerators.
Scientific Research: Its low-temperature properties make liquid helium invaluable for research in low-temperature physics and other scientific studies near absolute zero.
Space and Aerospace: Liquid helium is used in the cooling of infrared detectors and other sensitive instruments in space and aerospace applications.
Metal Processing: It is used in the cooling of certain metal processes, such as the production of superconducting wires.
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